Instead, it is a marker to be aware of and potentially address with a healthcare provider.

“We found that people with very low values of HDL-C had a slightly higher risk of dementia compared to people with values in the middle, but also people with very high levels of HDL-C also had a slightly higher risk of dementia than people in the middle,” Ferguson explained.

In contrast, researchers found no association between LDL-C (commonly referred to as “bad” cholesterol) and dementia.

Here’s how HDL cholesterol and dementia are connected, why managing levels of HDL cholesterol is important, and how experts recommend prioritizing the risk of dementia.

Tracking the Connection Between Cholesterol and Dementia

The study, which was supported by the National Institute on Aging and the National Institutes of Health, was conducted using survey participants from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

According to Ferguson, this provided the team with a large sample size that helped them account for clinical, social, and behavioral factors in their analysis.

To look at the association between HDL levels and dementia, researchers first categorized individuals into five groups based on their average HDL-C. From there, they were able to notice some patterns.

“Individuals with the lowest HDL-C (11–41 mg/dL) had a 7% increase in the rate of dementia compared to individuals in the middle quintile (48–55 mg/dL),” Ferguson explained, “whereas individuals with the highest HDL-C (>65 mg/dL) had a 15% elevation in the rate of dementia compared to the middle group.”

The study’s comparison group included people with middle levels of HDL-C (48–55 mg/dL)—that group actually had the lowest risk of dementia.

Though these findings are intriguing, Ferguson explained that more research needs to be done before changes in behavior would be recommended.

“This work suggests that some lipoproteins (like HDL) may be modifiable risk factors of dementia, even in late life, but to take advantage of this we need to next evaluate whether these effects are causal and how to effectively modify HDL,” she said.

Future studies will need to investigate causal relationships at play to confirm that there is clinical relevance, she explained.

Addressing Your Good Cholesterol Levels

Likewise, she says a low blood level of HDL cholesterol is known to be a significant risk factor for vascular disease, and vascular disease influences brain health and contributes to dementia risk.

“Vascular disease can involve plaque buildup in blood vessels in the brain, which can be a significant contributor to the development of dementia,” Ferguson explained.

For instance, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype—the gene that makes a protein that carries cholesterol and other types of fat in the bloodstream—also has been associated with an increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease if people have the e4 allele (the gene that increases their risk.)

The exact role of cholesterol in developing dementia is still largely unknown, though, and more studies need to be done. But this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t still keep your numbers in line as a preventative step.

“We are always encouraging folks to get their high lipid levels corrected to help prevent strokes and heart attacks,” Scharre said. “This would still be the same for those at risk for dementia and those that have dementia.”

How to Reduce Your Risk of Dementia

In addition to keeping your cholesterol numbers in check, there are other things you can do to prevent the development of dementia.

These modifiable risk factors include:

Scharre explained there are many things he recommends patients do to reduce their risk of dementia, many of which are simple and achievable.

“Make sure the brain is getting enough oxygen and blood flow (treat sleep apnea, lung disorders, heart disorders), eat a well-balanced Mediterranean-like diet (reduced red meat, more fruits and vegetables, and reduced processed sugars), use it or lose it (physical exercise and socialization are good brain stimulation activities), and get good quality and quantity of sleep,” he said.